Dehleez-e-Islam: caliphs

Hazrat usman ghani (R,A)

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Hazrat Usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) -The third caliph of Islam (early life) and martyrdom </h2>
 
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 Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) was the third caliph of Islam. He was born at Taif in 516 A.D. His kuniat was Abu Abdullah and Abu Amar . He became third caliph after <a href="http://dehleez-e-islam.blogspot.com/2013/11/third-caliph-of-islam-hazrat-umar-bin.html">Hazrat Umer farooq (R.A)</a>  . 
He belonged to Banu ummayah . His ancestral lineage joins that of holy prophet at the fifth place . His full name is Usman ghani. He was extremely wealthy .He used his wealth in charity and released slaves so he was famous the name of Ghani. His mother’s name was Arwa bint kuraiz. His father’s name was Affan. Two daughters of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) were married to Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) one after the other . so he was also called Zunno-rain. 
He was married to Hazrat Ruqayyah(A.S)  at Mekkah . She accompanied him when he migrated to Habsha . she gave birth his daughters and son abdullah.she was not well during the battle of badar . So Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) did not take part in the battle of badr.  
Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) was required to look after her in accordance with the advice of the Holy prophet. She died in the month of Ramazan ,2 A.H.Hazrat  Umm-e – kalsoom who was married to him after the death of Hazrat Ruqqayya but she bore no child.He had one son Abdullah and seven daughters. His son died at the age of six. 
Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) accepted Islam at the invitation of Hazrat Abu –bakr . Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) embraced Islamwithout any hesitation .He professed the faith of oneness of Allah and attasted prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) from the core of his heart . 
After embracing Islam he was punished a lot . His uncle whose name was Hakimbin al-aas prisoned him He was beaten very severly . 
So he migrated to Habsha with his wife and other muslims .He was first emigrant in the way of Allah .He also go to Makkah as an ambassaderof Islam He went there to inform Quraish that Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) had reached at al-Huda. He(PBUH) had no attention to launch any war against Quraish . His purpose was only to perform pilgrimage .But his retured twas late and a rumour began to spread that he had been martyred along with ten other members of his delegation. The holy prophet therefore ,took the oath of allegiance from all to take revenge of the rumoured martyrdom of Hazrat usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) , However . the rumour turned to be false later on . 
Hazrat usman’s martyrdom 
 While Hazrat usman (R.A)was busy setting the 
deteriorated conditions aright , the rebles of basra ,koofa and Egypt were busy 
in attacking Madina . After the Hajj in 34 A.H ,three groups of the rebles who 
had entered Madina under the pretext of Hajj , stayed out of Madina and busied 
themselves inexecution of the plan for killing Hazrat Usman(R.A) . A few days after Hazrat usman (R.A) was stoned by the 
opponents when he was addressing the congregational audience On Hazrat Ali’s(R.A) 
advice Hazrat usman(R.A) deputed 60 Muhajirs and Ansar to persuad the rebles to leave 
Madina . A few days later rebles from 
egypt again enterd Madina Quite unexpectedly. On an enquiry by Hazrat Musalima 
,the rebles reported that they had found a government messenger carrying an 
order of Hazrat usman addressed to the governor of Egypt advising him to kill 
all rebles. But Hazrat usman said that he was un aware of all this matter. He 
orderd his well-wishers to keep quite and not to use force to kill his opponents 
simply to avoide shedding the bloodof muslims for his sake It was Friday when Hazrat usman changed his clothes and 
observed fast . He freed twenty slaves . Hazrat imam hussain , Abdullah bin 
zubair and Muhammad bin muslim with some other sonsof the <a href="http://dehleez-e-islam.blogspot.com/2014/08/companions-of-holy-prophet-pbuh.html" target="_blank">companion</a>s of the 
prophet wer keeping guard at the main gate of his house .  
when the rebles found 
nopossibility of entering the house some of them jumped in frromthe backwall . 
They found Hazrat usman reciting the Qurran .  
They hesitated to attack him . 
However , Muhammad bin Abi bakr , who was one of caliph’s deadliest enemies 
,caught his beard and began to abuse him. Hazrat usman asked him toleave his 
beard saying ‘ O my dear son ,o my brother ,had your father been alive he must 
have reprimanded you for his inhuman act”. Another man came forward and kicked 
away the holy Qurran .  
Then kanana bin baser wounded the fore head of the caliph 
with an iron rod. He fell down and and lay unconscious .Blood began to flow 
profusely and got even sprinkled over the holy Qurran. Soon after another reble 
sprang on his beard and stabbed him several time. The caliph’s wife Hazrat Naila 
, rushed to save her husband.In the ensuing scuffle her three fingers were 
chopped off . Thereafter another person pounced upon the caliph and gave him the 
last fatal blow. This event tookplace 
on 18th Zilhaj ,35 A.H . The whole of madina was then under the 
control of rebles Due to the riots and unrest none dared to come out of his 
house . The dead body of the caliph remained lying for two days . Then about 17 
persons dared to arrange hhis funeral . The dead body was neither given the last 
bath nor wrapped in coffin . It was buried near Jannat –ul –baqie complete 
silent and secrecy .The grave was leveled with the ground so that the rebles may 
not find any trace of it Hazrat usman was of eighty two years when martyred .He 
remained in office for twelve years .   </div>

Hazrat usman ghani (R,A)

Hazrat Usman ghani (Razi –Allah tallah – Anhu) -The third caliph of Islam (early life) and martyrdom Hazrat usman'sgrave ...

Hazrat Abubakr sadiq (R.A)

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First caliph of Islam -</h2>
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HazratAbubakr sadiq (R.A) </h2>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Al-Masjid al-Nabawi
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<h3>
Birth of  Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)</h3>
The first khalifa, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), was born in 569 AD in the noble and respectable Quraish family of Makkah. He was two years and three months younger than the Holy Prophet(pbuh). Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr had a common ancestor.Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) in the eighth degree in their common ancestor Murrah ibn Ka'b.  
<h3>
Apearnce of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) </h3>
He was a man with fair skin, thin, with a sparse beard, a slightly hunched frame, sunken eyes and protruding forehead, and the bases of his fingers were hairless. 
<h3>
Childhood of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) </h3>
He spent his early childhood like other Arab children among the Bedouins. In his early years he played with the camel foals and goats, and his love for camels earned him the nickname "Abu Bakr". When Abu Bakr was 10 years old, he went to Syria along with his father with the merchants. Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) , who was 12 years old , was also with the caravan.  
<h3>
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) as a trader </h3>
In 591 Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) went into trade and adopted the profession of cloth merchant. Business trips took him to Yemen, Syria, and elsewhere. Abu Bakr was literate and developed a fondness for poetry.  
<h3>
sympathetic person (Hazrat Abu Bakr-R.A) </h3>
Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) was very sympathetic toward the poor and the needy. He would walk in the streets at night to help the distressed.

Although tender hearted, he was firm, determined and courageous. He was very intelligent and had an excellent memory. 
<h3>
Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) served Islam </h3>
Hazrat Abu Bakr led a very simple life and performed many services for the cause of Islam.  
Abu Bakr's daughter Hazrat Aisha (R.A) was married to Muhammad, strengthening the ties between the two men.  
 Among the many services that he rendered for Islam the most important one is the steps he took to preserve and protect the Holy Quran. He instructed Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit, one of the Holy Prophet’s( pbuh) scribes, to collect the written copies of the various

Surahs from the companions of the Holy Prophet(pbuh) and arrange them in book form.  
He laid the foundations of a democratic state. He divided Arabia into provinces and appointed officers. He also established several departments for administrative purposes. The Muslim Empire expanded during his time.  
<h3>
 The Holy Prophet(pbuh) loved Hazrat Abu Bakr</h3>
 The Holy Prophet(pbuh) loved Hazrat Abu Bakr very much. Praising him, the Holy Prophet(pbuh) is reported to have said that if all the virtues are counted, they would be sixty-three in number and Hazrat Abu Bakr possessed all of them.

Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) gave him the title of Siddiq because he was the first person to confirm the Holy Prophet’s(pbuh) statement about Miraj.  
<h3>
Acceptance of Islam of  Hazrat Abu Bakr sadiq (R.A) </h3>
Before accepting Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr sadiq (R.A) led a pious life and never drank or gambled.

When Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) invited people to accept Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr was the first, adult man to become a Muslim. Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) said: “Whenever I offered Islam to anyone, he always showed some reluctance and hesitation and tried to enter into an argument. Abu Bakr was the only person who accepted Islam without any reluctance or hesitation, and without any argument. ”  
<h3>
 Supported Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) </h3>
Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) served Islam in all possible ways. Many young men of the Quraish accepted Islam, through his efforts. Many slaves, who were treated cruelly by their masters for accepting Islam, were purchased and freed by him, as he was a rich merchant.

He was with the Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) at the time of migration from Makkah to Madinah.

In Madinah, Hazrat Abu Bakr was always by the side of the Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) and was his chief adviser.  
He took part in the battles of Badr, Uhad, Khandaq and Hunain. He was also present when the Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed. He supported Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH) when the Muslims including Hazrat Umar, were critical of the terms of the treaty. He donated everything that he possessed at the time of the Tabuk . When the asked him what he had left for his family, he answered that for him and his family, Allah and His Prophet were enough.

During his illness, the Holy Prophet (pbuh) appointed Hazrat Abu Bakr to lead the congregational prayers. While announcing the news of the passing away of the Holy Prophet(pbuh), Hazrat Abu Bakr exercised remarkable self-control. He also decided about the burial place of Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH).

Hazrat Abu Bakr was elected as the first khalifa of Islam by the Muslim community.

After his election as the khalifa, Hazrat Abu Bakr faced many problems, for example, the appearance of false prophets, refusal of some tribes to pay Zakat and disunity among the Muslims. But, within a short time, Hazrat Abu Bakr was able to crush these revolts with firmness and courage.

He used to receive six thousand dirhams annually from the Bait-ul-Maal. On his death bed he directed that some of his property be sold in order to pay back to the state the amount he had received.  
<h3>
Death Hazrat Abu Bakr sadiq (R.A)</h3>
 In 634 A.D Hazrat Abu Bakr sadiq (R.A) developed high fever and was confined to bed. His illness was prolonged and when he realizing his death was near, he sent for Hazrat Ali (R.A) and requested him to perform his ghusl because Hazrat Ali (R.A)had also done it for Hazrat Muhammad(PBUH).

He appointed Hazrat Umar (R.A) as his successor after discussing with some companions.

On Monday 23 August 634, Abu Bakr died. The funeral prayer was led by Hazrat Umar (R.A) . He was buried the same night by the side of Hazrat Muhammad's(PBUH) grave in Aisha's house near Al-Masjid al-Nabawi .

Hazrat Abubakr sadiq (R.A)

First caliph of Islam - HazratAbubakr sadiq (R.A) Al-Masjid al-Nabawi Birth of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) The ...

Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A)

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 Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) 
 
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hazrat Umar Farooq(R.A) in Masjid Nabvi</td></tr>
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<h3>
Birth of  Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (R.A)</h3>
Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (R.A) was born in 584 A.D .He belonged to the Quraish tribe. The Holy Prophet(pbuh) and Hazrat Umar had a common ancestor. 
<h3>
Most powerful man (Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (R.A) </h3>
He was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim rulers in history. He was a companion of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) . 
Appearance of Hazrat Umar (R.A)

Hazrat Umar (R.A) is said to be vigorous, robust and a very tall man, in markets he would tower above the people. The front part of his head was bald.He always worked with two hands.His eyes were black, with reddish-white skin. His teeth were very white shining. He would always color his beard and take care of his hair using a type of plant.  
<h3>
An intelligent person (Hazrat Umar (R.A) </h3>
 Hazrat Umar (R.A) was one of the few people of that period who could read and write. He was an intelligent and learned person. He was a poet and a very good orator.  
<h3>
An wrestler and athelete (Hazrat Umar (R.A) </h3>
He was fond of archery, horse riding and wrestling. Hazrat Umar (R.A) is said to be blessed with a strong physique. He could travel on foot for miles. From contemporary sources it appears that Umar had attained perfection in the art of wrestling. He was an athlete and a wrestler. He is said to have participated in the wrestling matches on the occasion of the annual fair of Ukaz.  
<h3>
Family of Hazrat Umar (R.A) </h3>
His father was a rich merchant of Makkah and he himself was a successful trader.  
He is said to have belonged to a middle-class family. In his youth he used to tend to his father’s camels in the plains near Mekkah . His father was famed for his intelligence among his tribe. He was a High-class merchant and is believed to be a ruthless man who often treated Umar badly.  
As obvious from Hazrat Umar (R.A) 's own statement regarding his father during his later political rule, Hazrat Umar (R.A) said, "My father Al-Khattab was a ruthless man. He used to make me work hard; if I didn't work he used to beat me

Despite literacy being uncommon in pre-Islamic Arabia, Umar learned to read and write in his youth.  
<h3>
Hazrat Umar (R.A)  accepted Islam</h3>
Hazrat Umar (R.A) was also a gifted orator, and due to his intelligence and personality, he succeeded his father as an arbitrator of conflicts among the tribes

Hazrat Umar (R.A) was an idol worshipper.  
When the Holy Prophet(pbuh) started to preach Islam, he became his bitter enemy. One day, in the sixth year of prophet hood, Hazrat Umar (R.A) left his house with the intention of murder the Holy Prophet(pbuh). On the way, someone told him that his own sister and her husband had become Muslims.  
Enraged he went to the house of his sister who, at that time, was reciting the Holy Quran. He attacked his sister and her husband but they did not retaliate. Instead they took it with patience and declared their faith. On his insistence, his sister recited some verses from Surah Ta Ha.  
The words of the Holy Quran moved him so much that tears began to flow from his eyes. He, at once, went to the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), recited the kalimah and became a Muslim. 
<h3>
Hazrat Umar (R.A)  became true companion of Holy Prophet (PBUH)</h3>
 After his conversion, he was given the title of Farooq by Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). His conversion was of great help to the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and the small number of Muslims became bold enough to pray openly in the sacred mosque at Makkah. He migrated to Madinah shortly before the Holy Prophet’s(pbuh) own Hijrat. 
<h3>
Battles  </h3>
He took part in the battles of Badr, Uhad, Khandaq and Hunain. He was also present when the Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed. He participated in the Khyber Expedition and the conquest of Makkah. At the time of Tabuk expedition, when the Holy Prophet(pbuh) asked for contributions, he placed half of his wealth at the disposal of the Holy Prophet(pbuh).  
<h3>
 Hazrat Umar (R.A) as caliph</h3>
He succeeded Hazrat Abu baker (R.A) as the second caliph on 23 August 634. He was an expert Islamic ruler .He is best known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the title Al-Farooq.

Hazrat Umar was the first person to swear allegiance to Hazrat Abu Bakr, when he became the first khalifa of Islam. He remained Hazrat Abu Bakr’s friend and adviser throughout his khilafat. Hazrat Abu Bakr had named Hazrat Umar as his successor, so he became the second khalifa of Islam. After becoming the khalifa, he came to be known as Ameer-ul-Mominin. His rule lasted for ten years and a few months.  
During the ten years of his khilafat, Hazrat Umar conquered the mighty Byzantine and Persian empires. He gave the empire an efficient system of administration. He framed the constitution of the state on the basis of democracy. Following the examples of the Holy Prophet(pbuh) and Hazrat Abu Bakr, he appointed consultative bodies known as the Shura or the Council of Advisers.  
He established new departments and institutions, such as the military, education, judicial, police and jails department . He appointed separate officers for deciding cases. He divided the state into provinces further divided into districts.

Hazrat Umar introduced the Muslim era of Hijrah, the system pension and the census of the population of the Muslim state. He laid great stress on the teaching of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. He would go round the streets at night to keep himself informed of the conditions of his people. He would help them with food and money, especially during the days of famine, he would carry sacks of grain .on his back to distribute among the people. He would often fetch water for widows and milk their goats. He paid particular attention to the wellbeing of his non-Muslim subjects.

Although he was the ruler of a vast empire, he lived like an ordinary man and led a truly Islamic life. He left a will that the amount he had drawn from the State Treasury as allowance should be returned to the treasury.

About him, the Holy Prophet(pbuh) is reported to have said that if there had been any prophet after him, it would have been Hazrat Umar. And again, “He who hates Umar, hates me and he who loves Umar, loves me. ”

Hundreds of thousands of people from all over Arabia gathered at Madinah where food was rationed. Soon the reserves of food at Madinah began to decline. 
Hazrat Umer (R.A) wrote to the provincial governors of Syria, Palestine, and Iraq for aid. A state of emergency was declared in Madinah and Arabia. The timely aid of Umar's governors saved the lives of thousands of people throughout Arabia.

Hazrat Umar(R.A) hosted a dinner every night at Madinah, which according to one estimate, had attendance of more than hundred thousand people.  
<h3>
Hazrat Umar (R.A)'s love to Holy prophet</h3>
Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) died on 8 June 632. Hazrat Umar(R.A) , the devoted disciple, could not accept the reality that the "Messenger of God" was dead. Hazrat Umar(R.A) promised to strike the head of any man who would say that Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) died.  
Then Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) gave his famous speech which included:

"Whoever worshipped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad has died, and whoever worshipped Allah, let them know that Allah is alive and never dies. "

Hazrat Abū Bakr then recited these verses from the Qur'an:

"Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him.  
If, then, he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heel?".

Hearing this from Hazrat Abu-Bakr (R.A) Abu Bakr, the most senior disciple of Muhammad, Hazrat Umar (R.A) then fell down on his knees in a great sense of sorrow and acceptance of the reality.  
<h3>
Death of Hazrat Umar (R.A) </h3>
In 23 A.H. While he was leading the Fajr prayers, a Persian slave named Firuz attacked him. The wounds proved fatal. He died on 6 November 644 A.D . In accordance with his wish, he was buried by the side of the Holy Prophet(pbuh).

After him Hazrat Usman Ganni ( R.A)  was appointed as third caliph of Islam.

Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A)

Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) Hazrat Umar Farooq(R.A) in Masjid Nabvi Birth of Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (R.A)...

Hazrat Ali (R.A)

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Hazrat Ali (R.A)</h2>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Roza Mubarak -Hazrat Ali (R.A)</td></tr>
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<h4>
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The fourth khalifa of Islam, Hazrat Ali (R.A), was the son of Abu Talib, an uncle of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). He belonged to the tribe of Banu Hashim. Hazrat Ali (R.A) was born in Makkah ten years before Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) became the Prophet of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) took him under his care and protection from a very young age. As he was brought up in the house of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), he was his constant companion. When the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) invited people to accept his mission, Hazrat Ali (R.A) was among the first few who responded to his call. 
Hazrat Ali (R.A) learnt reading and writing from a very young age and through his close association with the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), soon became a learned person. 
He learnt the Holy Quran by heart during the life time of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) values. <a href="http://Hazrat Ali (R.A)">Hazrat Ali (R.A)</a> married with Hazrat fatima (R.A) who was daughter of Holy prophet (PBUH) From birth till death, he led a simple life. Fie had no servant and his wife, Fatima would grind com with her own hands. He was honest, truthful, humble and generous. He was a brave soldier who fought many battles. For his bravery, he earned the titles of Asadullah, the lion of God and Haider-e-Karrar, the warrior whom nobody could match. 
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was known for his wisdom and learning. He had a deep knowledge of religious matters and the first three khalifas and Hazrat Ayesha respected his understanding of complicated religious matters. He was known as the Gate of Knowledge, as the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) himself confirmed when he said “If! am the city of knowledge, Ali is its gate. ” 
He was one of the scribes of the revelations received by the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). He would also write letters dictated by the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), and maintained a record of what he heard from the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). 
At the time of the Holy Prophet’spbuh migration to Madinah, Hazrat Ali (R.A) remained in Makkah to return to the people the valuables entrusted by them to the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) for safe-keeping. When the Holy Prophet’spbuh house was surrounded by his enemies, just before his departure for Madinah, Hazrat Ali (R.A) was asked by the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) to occupy his bed while he himself escaped unnoticed and unhurt. 
As soon as his work was done, Hazrat Ali (R.A) joined the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) at Quba, a village outside Madinah. At the time of mawakhat, i.e., declaring a Muhajir to be the brother of an Ansar, he declared Hazrat Ali (R.A) to be his brother. He gave his youngest daughter, Fatima, in marriage to him. 
Hazrat Ali (R.A) took part in all the battles fought during the life time of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) except the Tabuk Expedition in which he stayed back in Madinah as the Holy Prophet’spbuh deputy. In all the battles, he showed great bravery, especially in the battle of Khyber. He was present when the Treaty of Hudaibiya was signed and acted as a scribe. He was also present at the time of the death of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). He was one of those who washed the dead body and lowered it into the grave. 
During the khilafat of Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Ali (R.A) took part in the defence of the Muslim state when some people rose in revolt. He was a constant adviser and helper of Hazrat Umar in the administration of the state. When H azrat Usman was surrounded by enemies, Hazrat Ali (R.A) ordered his son, Hazrat Hassan to keep a watch over his house. After the assassination of Hazrat Usman there was terror and confusion every where. For five days, the state was without a khalifa. Thereafter, the people of Madinah persuaded Hazrat Ali (R.A) to accept the khilafat. 
After becoming the khalifa, Hazrat Ali (R.A) had to face many difficulties. It was at this time that Muslims began to fight against each other. The first battle fought during his khilafat was the Battle of Camel near Basra, Iraq. It was fought against Hazrat Ayesha and a few companions of the Holy Prophetpbu!l who were demanding the punishment of the assassins of Hazrat Usman. 
The second battle, known as the Battle of Siffin, was fought between Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Muawiya, a companion of the Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). It was during this battle that a section of Hazrat Ali (R.A)’s army deserted him. They came to be known as the Kharjites. 
The third battle was fought between Hazrat Ali (R.A) and the Kharjites. This is known as the Battle of Nahrawan. After the battle of Nahrawan, Kharjites wanted to take revenge for their companions who were killed in the battle. 
In the 40th Hijri, some of the Kharjites decided to kill Hazrat Ali (R.A). On the 18th of Ramazan, while he was leading the morning prayers, he was attacked with a poisonous sword by a Kharjite, Ibn Muljim. The wounds proved fatal and he died on the 21st of Ramazan. He did not name anyone as his successor and left the choice to the people. 
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was a model of Islamic values.</div>
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Hazrat Ali (R.A)

Hazrat Ali (R.A) Roza Mubarak -Hazrat Ali (R.A) The fourth khalifa of Islam, Hazrat Ali (R.A), was the son of A...

Simplicity of a caliph(Historical stories of Islam)

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  Simplicity of caliph</h2>
Once upon a time there was a Khalifa whose rule was known for his kind and pious generous administration. He worked for the prosperity and well being of the people. But there were some distinguished people belonging to the house of Ummyads, who were cause of constant worry to him. They had shunned the ways of God. They enjoyed life at the expense of the common man and indulged in merrymaking. The Khalifah thought of teaching them a lesson. 
He invited some prominent people to dinner. Since the dinner was to be given by none other than the ruling Khalifah, they reacfily accepted the invitation. The Khalifah ordered his cook to serve the meal late. 
On the appointed day, the guests dressed well, and proudly came to the house of the Khalifah in time. He greetedd them well and made them sit in a comfortable environment .The guests felt exalted and honoured. They started chatting merrily whilewaiting for the dinner. 
But nothing happened . The guests looked towards one another but could not say anything. They became restless and hungry. Looking at their condition the Khalifah shouted to his cook to hurry up. At the same time he ordered some parched grams to be served which he and his guests ate to their fill. 
A few minutes later the cook brought steaming hot food. Had it been served earlier, the guests would have finished the last remains of the food but it came at an hour when they had already eaten grams and did not feel hungry anymore. The guests refused to eat, saying that they were full. Thereupon the pious Khalifah spoke out, "Brothers! 
When you can satisfy your appetite with so simple a diet, then why do you play with fire and snatch the properties and rights of others." These words deeply moved the guests of the house of Ummyads who burst into tears. They never tried to be extravagant in future. 
This is how the pious Khalifah taught a lesson to those who had forgotten the teachings of the Holy Prophet (SAW). 
The Khalifah was none other than Hazrat Umer bin Abdul Aziz (R.A), whose life was full of such incidents. He himself led a life of simplicity and honesty. His truthfulness and integrity have few parallels in the history of Islam. That is why he is considered to be the fifth pious Khalifah of Islam. 
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Simplicity of a caliph(Historical stories of Islam)

Simplicity of caliph Once upon a time there was a Khalifa whose rule was known for his kind and pious generous administration. He worke...