First Islamic state

First Islamic State at Madinah

The migration of the Holy Prophet(pbuh) from Makkah to Madinah proved to be a turning point in his life. In Makkah, he was a religious teacher only, while in Madinah, he also took on the roles of a ruler and statesman. He became the head of the first Islamic State at Madinah. After the arrival of the Holy Prophet(pbuh) in Madinah, the following groups of people resided in Madinah.

Muhajirin: 

"Those Muslims who had migrated from Makkah to Madinah were known as Muhajirin or Emigrants."

Ansar: 

"Those who belonged to Madinah and because they had given shelter to the Holy Prophet(pbuh) and the emigrants and had helped them were known as the Ansar or the Helpers."  

Hypocrites:

" Those who had accepted Islam but were not truly Muslims."
 Their leader was Abdullah bin Ubbay. Before the Holy Prophet’s(pbuh) migra­tion, preparations were underway to crown him the king of Madinah. After the Holy Prophet’s(pbuh) migration, he was deprived of that position. He, how­ever, continued to have great influence over all those who did not readily accept the Holy Prophet(pbuh).
Tribes in Madina:  
There were three famous tribes at Madina
1-Banu Qainuqa
2- Banu Nadir 
3-Banu Quraiza. 
They were all settled in the suburbs of Madinah and had their own strong fortress.

Brotherhood in between Muhajirin and Ansar

After arriving in Madinah, the Holy Prophet(pbuh )decided to establish broth­erhood between the emigrants from Makkah, known as Muhajirin and the helpers of Madinah known as Ansar. The emigrants were generally poor as even those who had been well off in Makkah had left all their belongings when they migrated. The Holy Prophetpbuh called them together and told them that Muhajirin had left all their belongings at Makkah and were penniless and shelterless. He, therefore, wanted to create a relationship of Mawakhat or Brotherhood between the Muhajirin and Ansar.
The Ansar willingly accepted the proposal where upon the Holy Prophet(pbuh )gave the hand of one Muhajir into that of one Ansar selected by him and declared the two to have become brothers. In this way a brotherhood was established between the emigrants and the helpers. According to this brother­hood, the Ansar shared all their possessions with the emigrants. Each Ansar took his Muhajir brother to his house and treated him with hospitality. This brotherhood among Muslims helped build a strong Muslim community.

Treaty with other religion

After settling down in Madinah the Holy Prophet(pbuh )realized that the founda­tion of the Islamic Empire would be very weak unless it was based on the good will and support of all the people living there. With this object, the Holy Prophet(pbuh) entered into an agreement with the people living in Madinah especially the Non muslims

Agreement with people of Madina

Main points of this agreement are followimg
1-The Muslims and the people of madina would deal with each other with sympathy and sincerity and would not indulge in any aggression or wrong against each other.
2-No group of people would go out to fight without the permission of the Holy Prophet(pbuh).
3-In case of an attack on Madinah, all groups of people would combine in repelling it.
4-The people of Madina  would not help the Quraish or provide refuge to them.
5-The  people of Madina would have full liberty to follow their religion without any interference from the Holy Prophet(pbuh) or his followers.
6-Every one’s life and property would be safe and would be respected.
All disputes would be decided by the Holy Prophet(pbuh) according to the laws and customs of each group of the people of Madinah.
This agreement is a landmark in the history of mankind. It guaranteed free­dom of worship to the people of Madina. It also guaranteed protection of their life and property. It was an attempt to establish friendly and cordial relations between the  people of Madina and Muslims of Madinah to live together as peaceful citizens and defend the town from all invaders.
This agreement also established the Holy Prophet(pbuh) as the leader and the head of the Islamic State of Madinah. He was now recognised as the ruler, judge and commander of the people of Madinah.